Which hormone levels does DMPA suppress to prevent ovulation?

DMPA, or depot medroxyprogesterone acetate, is a form of hormonal contraception that works primarily by suppressing the pituitary gland's secretion of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Both of these hormones play crucial roles in the menstrual cycle and ovulation; therefore, their suppression effectively prevents the ovaries from releasing an egg, thereby inhibiting ovulation.

When FSH levels are lowered, ovarian follicles are not stimulated to mature, and a surge in LH is prevented, which is necessary for triggering ovulation. This mechanism makes DMPA an effective contraceptive option.

The other hormones listed in the remaining choices do not play a direct role in the ovulation process as it relates to DMPA. For instance, while prolactin and estrogen influence reproductive health, they are not the primary hormones that DMPA suppresses for the purpose of preventing ovulation. Similarly, thyroid stimulating hormone and growth hormone are involved in other bodily functions unrelated to direct control of the ovulatory cycle, and androgens and progesterones do not inhibit ovulation in the same way that FSH and LH do. Thus, the answer reflects the specific hormonal actions facilitated by DMPA as